What is Inflammatory bowel disease?


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic immune inflammatory response within the alimentary canal, is assessed as 2 major forms, Crohn’s disease (CD) and colitis (UC). A rise within the frequency of IBD (from 68.6 cases per 100,000 people in 1990 to 89.6 cases per 100,000 people in 2017) in developing countries has become a big ill health over the last three decades]. Usually, IBD causes symptoms like fatigue, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. The pathogenesis of IBD remains not fully understood but appears to be influenced by interplay between genetic factors, environmental factors, immunological factors, and disruption of the intestinal microbiota composition. Current treatment options for IBD are mainly supported conventional methods like treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive drugs; however, these therapies generally cause significant side effects and a large subset of patient relapse.

The intestine is that the largest digestive organ within the physical body and plays a central role in human defence. CD4+ T cells, which are a crucial cell population within the colonic lamina propria and epithelium, are vital for the upkeep of intestinal immune homeostasis. CD4+ T cells are divided into subgroups: T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. During the inflammatory process, Th1 cells can generate tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interferon- (IFN-) γ. Th2 cells produce interleukin- (IL-) 10, which is critical for cover against pathogens. Th17 cells also are involved within the pathogenesis of IBD through the secretion of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Additionally, Treg cells have also been reported to inhibit inflammatory reactions and relieve the event of IBD by secreting immunosuppressive factors like IL-10.

Many studies have reported that the gut microbiota affects normal physiological and biochemical functions and is related to a spread of diseases, like disease, cancer, and particularly IBD. During a study on IBD, the composition and performance of the gut microbiota of patients with IBD were found to be modified, which can end in the impairment of gut physiological function. A decrease in beneficial bacteria, like Bifid bacterium, was found in patients with IBD. Generally, modulation of the gut microbiota is predicted to become a crucial treatment method for IBD.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Is antibiotic actually preventing?

Image
  Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by poor infection prevention and control, as well as the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. The infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria and these bacteria may infect humans and animals. In all parts of the world antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels. Threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases , new resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally. A growing list of infections are becoming harder, and sometimes impossible, to treat as antibiotics become less effective such as Ebola Virus, HIV, AIDs, Influenza, and Fungal.   The emergence and spread of resistance is made worse, where antibiotics can be bought for human or animal use without a prescription, similarly, antibiotics are often over-prescribed in countries without standard treatment guidelines, by health workers and veter...
Read more

Does rain water cause infections?

Image
The rainy weather leads to an increase in  viral   activity especially that of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus, thought to be the most common type that causes cold. Respiratory syncytial virus causes an epidemic among small children. The symptoms may vary from running nose and sneezing to severe cough and wheezing, breathing difficulty. The recent conjuration of rains has brought on a fresh session of cold and influenza , making it tough for children returning to school after the summer vacation and professionals trying to work through the whines and fever without infecting their colleagues. Infants should be kept clothed and protected from chill air. We are also seeing an increase in diarrhoea’s cases because of the rains. The rain water is the main culprit, especially if you are eating out often.  In summer and  although in rainy season brings a calm refreshing coolness, it also brings several infections and viral diseases like dengue, chikungunya, malaria, ty...
Read more

Does fever play an important role after vaccination?

Image
Fever is a body temperature which is measured higher than the normal temperature. Most of the people experience normal body temperature around 98.6ᴼF (37ᴼC). It is a temporary increase in the body temperature, frequently caused due to an illness. Some of the common symptoms of fever are general weakness, sweating, headache, dehydration, irritability, loss of appetite etc. It can be measured through digital thermometers. Initially, vaccines develop the immune system to protect against bacteria or viruses that makes a person sick. It is a medical product, though they are invented to protect from diseases but, cause many side effects like swelling, soreness or redness at the injection site etc. It works by training the immune system to recognize and fighting pathogens, either bacteria or viruses. To perform this, certain molecules from the pathogen must be launched into the body to trigger an immune response. Fever is a compulsory symptom after any vaccination. Vaccination is a ...
Read more